Online shoppers are looking for the fastest, most secure way to get to your product. According to an Akamai Technologies survey, 47% of consumers expect a page to load in 2 seconds or less. Here are ten ways to keep your website speed up to standard:
- Implement your own content delivery network (CDN). A collection of global servers share a website’s static files, such as CSS or JavaScript, and they deliver from the server closest to the user’s physical location. In other words, when a user clicks on a video, the file loads faster because it is distributed from a server nearby. Larger websites implement CDNs to ensure visitors around the world have a much more accessible, fast experience.
- Use adaptive images. According to the HTTP Archive, 61 percent of a website’s page weight on a desktop computer is images. Start by using tools such as Picturefill or Adaptive Images on your website to save bandwidth and improve page speed for your site. Another option is to adopt new image formats like WebP and JPeg XR—this can help reduce image weight by twenty to fifty percent without sacrificing image quality.
- Cache, cache, cache. Browser caching stores cache versions of static resources, a process that quickens page speed tremendously and reduces server lag. When a user visits a page on your website, the cached version usually displays unless it has changed since it was last cached. This means the browser saves a lot of requests to your server and improves load speed for your site.
- Evaluate your plugins. Plugins can bring new functionality and features to your website, but the more plugins your website has, the longer it takes to load. Poor or outdated plugins can slow down website performance dramatically, which could be fixed by removing plugins that duplicate functionality, are out of date or are no longer used.
- Combine images into CSS sprites. If you have several images on a page, you are forcing multiple roundtrips of the server to get all the resources secured, which slows down page speed. Sprites combine all background images on a page into one single image, which means all images appear when the main “sprite” loads. This reduces the chance of flickering images and a smoother experience for your users.
- Enable HTTP keep-alive response headers. HTTP requests are simple: they grab a single file, distribute and close. That said, this process is not always fast. Keep-alive allows the web browser and server to agree to use the same connection to grab and send multiple files. In other words, the server holds the connection open while a user is on the site instead of opening a new connection with every request, easing the load for the processor, network and memory.
- Compress your content. You can compress your content significantly in order to improve your website performance. Popular web servers such as Apache and IIS use the GZIP compression algorithm to do this automatically on HTML, CSS and JavaScript. There are even compressor services online that remove unnecessary spaces and characters across your HTML and CSS code.
- Configure expires headers. When a user visits your website, the website files are stored on their computer so that your website loads faster for them the next time they visit. There is an expiration date in the file header that determines how long these files will be stored on their computer, which is usually set to 24 hours by default. You can configure the expires header so that the files never time out, or you can increase the expiration date so that it doesn’t impact your server and page load time.
- Minify JavaScript and CSS. By removing unnecessary line breaks, extra space, and so on, you will speed up parsing, downloading and executing. This simple task can cut bytes of data from your page, and every little bit counts. Tools like this CSS Minifier/Compressor can be very helpful in this department.
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It pretty much goes without saying that if you are building a public facing website these days you are probably using a ridiculous amount of JavaScript. And it is also likely that most of the JavaScript is in the form of libraries that you didn’t write and you don’t maintain. But even if you aren’t maintaining those libraries, you are still responsible for pushing them all down to your users. And so you can get into the situation where you have either hundreds of kilobytes of JavaScript or you just end up with a ton of tiny script files. Both of these can really put a damper on the amount of time that your site initially loads for your user.
Fortunately for us there are several solutions to the problem of slow loading JavaScript. One is to try and load most of your libraries from content delivery networks (CDN) provided by companies like Google and Microsoft. A second is to employ a CDN of your own like Amazon’s CloudFront. But no matter what you are doing to speed up your the delivery of your JavaScript, it is absolutely imperative that you do three things:
- Combine your JavaScript files: Concatenate all of your JavaScript files into a single file so that the browser only has to make one request to download your scripts.
- Minify your JavaScript files: Perform some optimizations on your JavaScript to remove whitespace, shorten variable names, and in some instances even perform some static analysis to optimize statements or remove unused code.
- Compress your JavaScript: Enabled gzip compression so that users that have browsers which support compression will receive a smaller file.
Now this may sound like a lot of work, but thankfully people like my friend Dave Ward have already solved the problem of easily combining and minifying our JavaScript files in a pretty easy way. However, I was looking at one of my favorite JavaScript libraries, SyntaxHighlighter, and I was thinking that it was just an absolutely huge amount of files that you had to import in order to use it. SyntaxHighlighter has hosted versions of its files, and so wouldn’t it be cool if I could just pull those hosted versions, along with my other javascript and then combine, minify, and then just push all of that up to my CDN?
So I started thinking, wouldn’t it be useful if I just had a utility that I could pull into my projects which would give me a way to pull in single javascript files, directories, urls and then combine, minify, and even compress those files? Yes, of course that would be cool! And since I was pretty much snowed in on Saturday, I set out to create this little utility that I call JavaScript Bundler. Pretty clever name, huh?
So what features does JavaScript Bundler have currently?
- It can pull in any number of JavaScript files by specifying their names.
- It can pull in entire directories of JavaScript files by specifying the directory. You can also put a ordering.txt file in the directory which will contain a list of the file names in the order that you want them concatenated. Remember, ordering can be important when you are importing JavaScript!
- It can pull in JavaScript files from urls, so if you had a library which was hosted somewhere that you wanted to pull in, you can easily do so.
- You can pull in any combination of the above three file types and combine and compress them into the same file.
- You can optionally minify the combined JavaScript using either jsmin or Google’s Closure compiler. The YUI Compressor is currently included in the project, but has not been implemented. I am open to implementing other minifiers/compressors as well.
- You can optionally output pre-gzipped versions of your files in case you are using a CDN which does not support gzipping files natively. This way you can direct users to the gzipped files if their browser supports it.
Let’s take a look real quick at how it works. First, we can access the JavaScript Bundler’s help by passing '/h' (if you’re wondering what I am using for parsing command line parameters, well, that is the wonderful Mono.Options library which is written by my friend Jonathan Pryor):
Now you can see that if we want to specify a single JavaScript file to include, we just pass it using the '–file=' parameter and then we can specify the output via the '–out=' parameter. It would end up looking like this:
This would actually just output the contents of myfile.js into combinedfile.js because we aren’t specifying a tool with which to perform the minification. If we wanted to use jsmin we could specify it by passing the '–min=' parameter:
And if we wanted to pull in a file, a directory, a url, and then compress all of it using the Google Closure compiler (which requires Java to be installed and on the path) we could do this:
And remember, when we pull in that directory we might want to specify the order in which we concatenate the files. We can do this by adding a file called ordering.txt and placing it in the directory. It might look something like this:
Overall I’d like to keep this utility fairly simple, and with a few minor exceptions it already fills the needs that I set out to fill. So, what are those exceptions, what features do I want to add to it?
- More console output (with quiet option). It doesn’t really tell you what it is doing currently.
- Error handling. It doesn’t really check much right now.
- Ability to specify file masks when pulling in a directory.
- Use a config file to specify files, compression methods, etc… instead of passing items as command line parameters. I think this would give a bit more flexibility.
- Implement the YUI Compressor.
- Combine and compress css files as well.
- Maybe have an option to pull in standard libraries. Not sure how to work this out with versioning though.
- Anything great ideas that you guys have!
Javascript Condenser 1 4 – Quickly Compress Your Javascript Code List
I hope that if you get a chance you’ll check it out and let me know what you think. Also, if you have any great ideas for changes to make, or you want to help out, please leave a comment! Thanks! Athentech perfectly clear complete 3 7 0 1519 download free.
Javascript Condenser 1 4 – Quickly Compress Your Javascript Codes
Download v0.1 of the JavaScript Bundler and if you want the (super ugly) source just grab it from the JavaScript Bundler repository over on GitHub.